联合国欧洲经济委员会车辆法规协调世界论坛（WP.29），是隶属于联合国欧洲经济委员会内陆运输委员会体系下独一无二的全球性法规论坛。

联合国分别于 1958 年、1997 年和 1998 年通过三项协定，搭建起法律框架。依据该框架，出席 WP.29 会议的缔约方（成员国）可制定机动车及机动车装备相关法规文件，具体分为三类：纳入《1958 年协定》的联合国机动车法规；配套《1998 年协定》的联合国全球技术法规（UN GTR）；纳入《1997 年协定》的联合国车辆规章。

各类法规说明

联合国机动车法规:该法规针对车辆、车辆系统、零部件及装备制定安全与环保相关条款，包含以性能为核心的检测要求及行政管理流程。行政管理流程涵盖三大内容：车辆系统、零部件及装备的型式批准；生产一致性（即车企需具备批量生产完全符合型式批准技术规格产品的能力，并提供相应证明）；以及各缔约方出具的型式批准结果互认。

联合国全球技术法规（UN GTR）:该法规制定全球统一的性能要求与检测流程，为全球汽车行业、消费者及消费者组织提供稳定可预期的法规体系，不含型式批准及批准互认相关行政管理条款。

联合国车辆规章:该规章适用于在用车辆定期安全技术检验。各缔约方可在满足特定条件的前提下，相互认可依据本规章出具的国际检验证书。

工作目标

总体而言，WP.29 世界论坛搭建的这套法规体系，既能推动创新车辆技术推向市场，又持续提升全球车辆安全水平，同时减少环境污染、降低能耗，并强化车辆防盗性能。

该法规体系也有力促进跨境贸易发展。《1958 年协定》明确规定，各缔约方出具的车辆系统、零部件及装备型式批准结果可相互认可。目前，即便欧盟成员国已建立整车型式批准流程，但《1958 年协定》暂未实现整车批准结果互认。为解决这一问题，WP.29 于 2010 年 3 月正式启动 ** 国际整车型式批准（IWVTA）** 项目。

WP.29 is:
● the unique worldwide regulatory forum for the automotive sector
● administrating three Multilateral UN Agreements
● Agreements are open to all Nations of the UN
● Participation is open to States, Regional Economic Integration Organizations (REIOs), Governmental Organizations
(GOs) and Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs), but decisions are taken by Governments of Contracting Parties
only.
● No other worldwide organization covers this area!

WP.29 下设六个常设工作组（GR），这类附属机构由各领域专业人员组成，负责专项技术工作，具体包括：

噪声与轮胎工作组（GRBP）
照明及光信号装置工作组（GRE）
污染与能源工作组（GRPE）

Pollution and energy
Specific UN Regulations and UN GTRs have been established to address the environmental performance (e.g. emissions of gaseous pollutants, particulates and CO2, noise level) of vehicles with conventional propulsion engines, hybrid-electric vehicles, and electric vehicles.
These UN Regulations and UN GTRs are adapted whenever appropriate, to take into account new propulsion technologies for cleaner and environmentally-friendly vehicles.
The Working Parties on Pollution and Energy (GRPE) and Noise and Tires (GRBP) handle much of those activities of the WP.29.

自动驾驶与网联车辆工作组（GRVA）

Technical provisions are being drafted to address the specifics of vehicle connectivity and automation. This work is needed to integrate innovative technologies into existing transport systems and to ensure that the benefits of these new technologies can be harnessed to improve road safety and the environmental performance of vehicles, address cybersecurity issues and strengthen anti-theft capabilities, reduce congestion and potentially enable new kinds of mobility services.
The Working Party on Automated/Autonomous and Connected Vehicles (GRVA) is, in cooperation with all GRs, leading this element of the work of WP.29.

通用安全条款工作组（GRSG）

General safety
The UN Regulations and UN GTRs in this area address vehicle and component features, such as safety of buses and coaches, burning behavior of interior materials, field of vision and Field of Vision Assistants, blind spot information systems, reversing motion warning systems, windshield wipers and washers, controls and displays, devices for indirect vision and glazing. Others include theft prevention, accident emergency call systems as well as the considerations of gas-fueled vehicles and coupling devices for which special expertise is needed in establishing their performance requirements.
The Working Party on General Safety Provisions (GRSG) leads this segment of the work of WP.29.

被动安全工作组（GRSP）

Passive safety
The UN Regulations and UN GTRs aim to minimize the risk and severity of injury to the occupants of a vehicle or other road users in the event of a crash. They address the structure of the vehicle to manage crash energy and resist intrusion into the passenger compartment, occupant restraint and protection systems for children and adults, seat structure, glazing, door latches and door retention, pedestrian protection, child restraint systems and for motorcycles, protective helmets for riders.
The Working Party on Passive Safety (GRSP) handles the principal scope of the workload of WP.29 in this area.

WP.29 世界论坛还陆续设立若干非正式工作组（IWG），此类工作组设有工作期限，专职处理特定技术问题。根据项目情况及既定职权范围，非正式工作组需向对应常设工作组或直接向 WP.29 汇报工作；其内部还可细分小组，承担主职责范围内的细化工作。

会议安排

WP.29 每年举办三次全体会议，会议通常安排在每年 3 月、6 月及 11 月。各常设工作组每年召开两次会议；非正式工作组则结合自身工作需求，按照内部规则自主安排会议日程。

1958 年协定

1958 年协定是全球汽车领域最核心、历史最悠久的多边技术法规协调法律框架，旨在：

消除国际贸易技术壁垒，建立全球统一的车辆技术规则体系

统一安全、环保、节能、防盗相关技术要求，兼顾技术可行性与经济性

实现缔约方之间型式批准互认，简化市场准入

搭建国际整车型式批准（IWVTA）制度，提升整车互认水平

巩固其作为全球汽车技术法规协调核心国际框架的地位

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